We investigate the quasinormal modes (QNMs) and greybody factors of dilaton–Euler–Heisenberg (dEH) de Sitter (dS) black holes in string-inspired Euler–Heisenberg gravity. Since the axial gravitational and electromagnetic perturbations decouple, we analyze them independently. By applying the asymptotic iteration method (AIM) together with a sixth-order WKB approximation, we compute the quasinormal frequencies and find excellent agreement between the two methods. We also find that the QNM spectra depend sensitively on the magnetic charge $Q_{\text{m}}$ , cosmological constant Λ, and nonlinear coupling $\epsilon$ , with a notable topological anomaly appearing in the electromagnetic frequency trajectories. Additionally, larger values of $Q_{\text{m}}$ or the multipole number $\textit{l}$ generally suppress wave transmission, while the electromagnetic sector with $\epsilon=1$ exhibits an anomalous response.

Ming Zhang

Guo-Xin Chen

China

Xufen Zhang

Cheng-Fu Feng

Sheng-Yuan Li

Rui-Hong Yue

De-Cheng Zou

Quasinormal frequencies and greybody factors for axial perturbations of dilaton–Euler–Heisenberg de Sitter black holes * This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) (12365009), the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province (2026JC-YBMS-0083), and the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (20262BAC240347)

We report a systematic generator-level study of identified-hadron production in minimum-bias Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=6$ , 7, and 8 GeV using EPOS-LHC, EPOS-4, and SMASH. These frameworks represent different microscopic approaches, ranging from string/core-corona and hydrodynamic descriptions to purely hadronic transport. We compare rapidity distributions, transverse-momentum spectra, two-dimensional $p_T-y$ density maps, particle-yield ratios, and number-of-constituent-quark-scaled elliptic flow. Charged and neutral pions provide a relatively model-insensitive baseline dominated by bulk production and resonance feed-down, whereas $K^\pm$ , protons, and $\Lambda$ baryons exhibit stronger model dependence. The $p_T-y$ maps identify the longitudinal and transverse phase-space regions in which the model predictions diverge, although conclusions for rare strange particles are limited to statistically populated regions. Elliptic flow is presented as $v_2/n_q$ versus transverse kinetic energy per constituent quark, $(m_T-m_0)/n_q$ . All three models exhibit an approximately common trend at low and intermediate transverse kinetic energy, with the closest visual grouping in EPOS-LHC; deviations and statistical uncertainties increase at larger $(m_T-m_0)/n_q$ . Because each sample contains 50,000 events, no quantitative conclusions are drawn from sparsely populated forward-rapidity or high- $p_T$ regions. The results provide exploratory model baselines and identify strange-particle spectra, $K^-/K^+$ , $\Lambda/\pi^+$ , double-differential $p_T-y$ measurements, and identified-particle elliptic flow as priority observables in the NICA energy range.

Pakistan

Murad Badshah

Saudi Arabia

Haifa I. Alrebdi

Sana Raza Khan

Muhammad Ajaz

Comparing EPOS-4, EPOS-LHC, and SMASH for identified-hadron observables in the NICA energy range * This research was supported by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2026R106), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

We investigate the feasibility of probing interactions between ultralight scalar dark matter and atomic nuclei using stationary Mössbauer spectroscopy. The exceptional energy resolution of the Mössbauer resonance enables searches for minute nuclear energy shifts induced by the local dark matter field. The dark matter mass range considered in this work is $10^{-18}$ – $10^{-8}\;\mathrm{eV}$ . We present projected constraints for two candidate Mössbauer isotopes, $^{109}\mathrm{Ag}$ and $^{45}\mathrm{Sc}$ , with $^{109}\mathrm{Ag}$ providing the strongest sensitivity. For $^{109}\mathrm{Ag}$ , projected sensitivities of approximately $10^{-19}$ , $10^{-22}$ , and $10^{-21}\; \mathrm{GeV^{-1}}$ can be achieved for the scalar DM–photon, DM–gluon, and DM–quark couplings $f_{\gamma}^{-1}$ , $f_{g}^{-1}$ , and $f_{\hat{m}}^{-1}$ , respectively. In the low-mass region, the projected sensitivity to the scalar DM–photon coupling approaches current constraints from equivalence-principle (EP) tests. These results demonstrate that Mössbauer-based techniques provide a promising and competitive approach to probing ultralight dark matter interactions with Standard Model particles.

Peng-Long Zhang

Yu-Ming Yang

Xiao-Jun Bi

Qin Chang

Yu Gao

Hai-Bo Li

Wei Xu

Peng-Fei Yin

Searching for ultralight dark matter with Mössbauer resonance * Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12175248, 12447105, 12275067), the Science and Technology R&D Program Joint Fund Project of Henan Province (225200810030), the Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Support Program of Henan Province, and the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFA1606000, 2023YFA1608903)

The Standard Model of particle physics, although remarkably successful, leaves several major questions unanswered, continuing to motivate searches for new phenomena. Multiboson interactions involving the Higgs boson are of particular interest as probes of the electroweak Lagrangian, where potential new physics may reside. In this work, we present a study of the associated production of a $\textit{W}$ boson, a Higgs boson, and a photon in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Monte Carlo simulations are performed to model both the signal and background processes, and detector effects are included according to CMS specifications. Boosted decision trees are employed to optimize the event selection and enhance signal–background discrimination. We estimate that, with an integrated luminosity of 440 fb$^{−1}$, the expected significance for the $WH\gamma$ process is 0.63$\textit{σ}$, increasing to a projected 1.64$\textit{σ}$ at the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC).

Youpeng Wu

United Kingdom

Jie Xiao

Andrew Michael Levin

Qiang Li

Prospects for studying the $\textit{WHγ}$ process in $\textit{pp}$ collisions at the LHC * Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12325504, 12061141002)

We study the isospin-violating $J/\psi \to \Lambda\bar \Sigma^0 \eta $ reaction, recently measured by the BESIII collaboration, by considering the dominant terms involving $\bar \Sigma^0$ and pairs of pseudoscalar-baryon particles that together form an $\textit{SU}$(3) singlet and can therefore couple to the $J/\psi$ . We then allow these pairs to undergo final-state interaction to produce the final $\eta \Lambda$ . We find that the relevant original channels are $\bar K N$ and $K \Xi$ , and that the incomplete cancellation of terms involving charged and neutral particles, owing to their different masses, is responsible for the reaction. With this mechanism, we find good agreement with the three experimental mass distributions.

Spain

Lian-Rong Dai

Wen-Tao Lyu

E. Oset

Study of the $ {{\boldsymbol J}/\boldsymbol\psi\bf\to \boldsymbol\Lambda\bar{\boldsymbol\Sigma}^{\bf 0}\boldsymbol\eta}$ reaction * This work is partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12575082). This work is partly supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2024YFE0105200), the Natural Science Foundation of Henan (252300423951), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12475086), and the Zhengzhou University Young Student Basic Research Projects for PhD students (ZDBJ202522). This work is also partly supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) and European FEDER funds (FIS2017-84038-C2-1-PB, PID2020-112777GB-I00), and Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2020/023). This project has received funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (H2020-INFRAIA-2018-1, 824093 of the STRONG-2020 project)

We demonstrate that mass inequalities for hadrons containing one or more heavy quarks arise primarily from the concavity of binding energies in the quark model, reflecting short-range Coulombic interactions and long-range confinement. Empirical two-body bindings $ B_{i\bar{j}} $ are extracted from spin-averaged meson masses, ensuring model independence and direct use of experimental data. Fitting these quantities as functions of the reduced mass $ \mu_{ij} $ reveals a critical confinement scale of 1.34 fm, at which the bindings become positive. The concavity of $ B(1/\mu) $ motivates Jensen-like relations under flavor permutation, reproducing relations such as $ m_{x\bar{y}} \gt \dfrac{1}{2}(m_{x\bar{x}} + m_{y\bar{y}}) $ and the baryon analog $ m_{xyz} \gt \dfrac{1}{3}(m_{xxx} + m_{yyy} + m_{zzz}) $ . Hadron mass decomposition validates $ \Delta M_{ \rm{EXP}} \approx \Delta B + \Delta C $ with $ \sigma \sim 2.07 $ MeV for mesons and baryons. Using this decomposition, we obtain approximate mass estimates for unobserved heavy baryons (e.g., $ M(\Omega_{b}^{\ast})\approx 6076.6\, $ MeV, $ M(\Xi_{cc}^{\ast})\approx 3703.6\, $ MeV, and $ M(\Omega_{cc}^{\ast})\approx 3802.4\, $ MeV) and identify favored quark-exchange scattering channels. The present analysis is phenomenological and does not constitute a rigorous three-body derivation.

Wen-Xuan Zhang

Wen-Nian Liu

Duojie Jia

Mass relations in heavy hadrons from Jensen-like inequalities * Duojie Jia is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12165017)

In recent years, long-lived particles (LLPs) have attracted increasing attention in searches for physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). In this paper, we investigate the discovery prospects for light, long-lived ALPs predicted by the photophobic ALP scenario through displaced-vertex signals at the CEPC, with a center-of-mass energy of $ \sqrt{s}=91.2 $ GeV and an integrated luminosity of $ {\cal{L}}= $ 100 ab$^{−1}$. After comparing several possible single-production processes for the photophobic ALP, we focus on the dominant process $ e^+ e^- \to Z \to a \gamma $ , in which the ALP $\textit{a}$ subsequently decays into a pair of charged leptons at a displaced vertex. Dedicated Monte Carlo simulations are performed for the $ \mu^+ \mu^- \gamma $ and $ \tau_h^+ \tau_h^- \not{E}_T \gamma $ signals. For the $ \mu^+\mu^-\gamma $ signal, the CEPC is sensitive to the parameter region $ g_{aWW} \in [1.27\times10^{-3},6.80\times10^{-1}]\; {\rm{TeV}}^{-1} $ for $ m_a \in [1,4]\; {\rm{GeV}} $ . For the $ \tau_h^+\tau_h^-\not{E}_T\gamma $ signal, the accessible region is $ g_{aWW} \in [7.00\times10^{-4},9.40\times10^{-3}]\; {\rm{TeV}}^{-1} $ for $ m_a \in [4,9]\; {\rm{GeV}} $ . These results demonstrate the substantial potential of the CEPC to explore light, long-lived ALPs through displaced-vertex signals, providing complementary coverage to existing searches at LEP and the LHC, as well as to the projected reach of the HL-LHC.

Chong-Xing Yue

Xin-Yang Li

Prospects for probing light photophobic axion-like particles via displaced vertex signals at the CEPC * This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12575106) and the Cultivation Fund of Liaoning Normal University for Excellent Doctoral Dissertations (YJSYB202501)

We employ PHYSMASTER, an AI-assisted agentic system that integrates theoretical reasoning, numerical computation, and long-horizon workflow automation, to address long-standing challenges in non-perturbative lattice analyses, including low signal-to-noise ratios at large transverse separations, complex systematic uncertainties, and labor-intensive manual workflows. Using the extraction of the Collins–Soper (CS) kernel from quasi–transverse-momentum-dependent wave functions (quasi-TMDWFs) via large-momentum effective theory (LaMET) as a showcase, we demonstrate that, once the theoretical framework, renormalization prescription, and physically motivated ansätze are specified, PHYSMASTER can automate high-dimensional fitting, renormalization, continuum–chiral extrapolation, and non-perturbative reconstruction. For the dataset considered here, the resulting multi-stage analysis can be completed within a few hours after the lattice correlators are prepared, while yielding results consistent with perturbative QCD and state-of-the-art lattice calculations. The framework stabilizes the large- $ b_\perp$ region out to 1 fm and provides a generalizable, reproducible paradigm for AI-automated studies of parton structure and other non-perturbative observables in lattice QCD.

Jin-Xin Tan

Ting-Jia Miao

Mu-Hua Zhang

Xiang-He Pang

Ze-Xi Liu

Lin-Feng Zhang

Si-Heng Chen

Wei Wang

Automated extraction of Collins–Soper kernel from lattice QCD using an autonomous AI physicist system * Supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of China (12125503, 12305103)

Based on $ (10087\pm44)\times10^{6} $ $ J/\psi $ events collected with the BESIII detector, the $ J/\psi\rightarrow \gamma K^{0}_{S}K^{0}_{S}\pi^{0} $ and $ J/\psi\rightarrow \gamma \pi^{0}\pi^{0}\eta $ processes are studied. The $ X(2370) $ is observed in both the $ K^{0}_{S}K^{0}_{S}\pi^{0} $ and $ \pi^{0}\pi^{0}\eta $ invariant mass spectra, with statistical significances greater than $ 14\sigma $ and $ 20\sigma $ , respectively. By combining measurements from these processes with those from the previously reported $ J/\psi\rightarrow \gamma K^{0}_{S}K^{0}_{S}\eta^{\prime} $ process, the mass and width of the $ X(2370) $ are determined to be $ 2359^{+13}_{-14}\; \text{MeV}/c^{2} $ and $ 170^{+44}_{-29}\; \text{MeV} $ , respectively. In addition, the decay $ X(2370)\to a_{0}(980)^{0}\pi^{0} $ with $ a_{0}(980)^{0}\to \pi^{0}\eta $ is observed with a statistical significance exceeding $ 9\sigma $ . The properties of the $ X(2370) $ —decay pattern similarities to that of $ \eta_{c} $ , are consistent with those of a pseudoscalar glueball.

M. Ablikim

Russia

M.N. Achasov

Sweden

P. Adlarson

X.C. Ai

Italy

C.S. Akondi

Germany

R. Aliberti

A. Amoroso

Q. An

Y.H. An

M.S. Anderson

Y. Bai

O. Bakina

H.R. Bao

X.L. Bao

M. Barbagiovanni

Poland

V. Batozskaya

Mongolia

K. Begzsuren

N. Berger

M. Berlowski

M.B. Bertani

D. Bettoni

F. Bianchi

E. Bianco

A. Bortone

I. Boyko

United States

R. Briere

A. Brueggemann

D. Cabiati

H. Cai

M.H. Cai

X. Cai

A. Calcaterra

G.F. Cao

N. Cao

Türkiye

S.A. Cetin

X.Y. Chai

J.F. Chang

T.T. Chang

G.R. Che

Y.Z. Che

C.H. Chen

C. Chen

G. Chen

H.S. Chen

H.Y. Chen

M.L. Chen

S.J. Chen

S.M. Chen

T. Chen

W. Chen

X.R. Chen

X.T. Chen

X.Y. Chen

Y.B. Chen

Y.Q. Chen

Z.K. Chen

J. Cheng

L.N. Cheng

S.K. Choi

X. Chu

G. Cibinetto

F. Cossio

J. Cottee-Meldrum

H.L. Dai

J.P. Dai

X.C. Dai

A. Dbeyssi

R.E. de Boer

D. Dedovich

C.Q. Deng

Z.Y. Deng

A. Denig

I. Denisenko

M. Destefanis

F. De Mori

E. Di Fiore

X.X. Ding

Y. Ding

Y.X. Ding

J. Dong

L.Y. Dong

M.Y. Dong

X. Dong

Z.J. Dong

M.C. Du

S.X. Du

X.L. Du

Y.Q. Du

Y.Y. Duan

Z.H. Duan

P. Egorov

G.F. Fan

J.J. Fan

Y.H. Fan

J. Fang

S.S. Fang

W.X. Fang

Y.Q. Fang

Observation of the ${\boldsymbol X(2370)}$ in ${{\boldsymbol J}/\boldsymbol\psi\rightarrow\gamma K^{0}_{S}K^{0}_{S}\pi^{0}}$ and ${J/\psi\rightarrow\gamma \pi^{0}\pi^{0}\eta}$ * This work is supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China under Contracts Nos. 2025YFA1613900, 2023YFA1606000, 2023YFA1606704; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Contracts Nos. 11635010, 11935015, 11935016, 11935018, 12025502, 12035009, 12035013, 12061131003, 12192260, 12192261, 12192262, 12192263, 12192264, 12192265, 12221005, 12225509, 12235017, 12342502, 12361141819, 12535005; the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Large-Scale Scientific Facility Program; the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Contract No. XDA0480600; CAS under Contract No. YSBR-101; 100 Talents Program of CAS; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Contracts Nos. GZC20252256, 2025M773423; The Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (INPAC) and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo de Chile (ANID), Chile under Contract No. ANID CCTVal CIA250027; ERC under Contract No. 758462; German Research Foundation DFG under Contract No. FOR5327; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation under Contracts Nos. 2021.0174, 2021.0299, 2023.0315; Ministry of Development of Turkey under Contract No. DPT2006K-120470; National Research Foundation of Korea under Contract No. NRF-2022R1A2C1092335; National Science and Technology fund of Mongolia; Polish National Science Centre under Contract No. 2024/53/B/ST2/00975; STFC (United Kingdom); Swedish Research Council under Contract No. 2019.04595; U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FG02-05ER41374

We investigate chiral symmetry restoration in finite-temperature and finite-density quark matter using a correlator-based chirality-reduced entropy within the in-medium Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model. Starting from the lesser Green's function $G^{ \lt }(k)$ in the real-time formalism, we construct the equal-time correlation matrix $C({\boldsymbol{k}})$ and define the left-handed reduced correlator $C_L({\boldsymbol{k}}) = P_L C({\boldsymbol{k}}) P_L$ . The corresponding von Neumann entropy, $S_\chi = -\mathrm{Tr}\left[C_L \ln C_L + (1-C_L)\ln(1-C_L)\right]$ , characterizes the mixedness of the chirality-reduced subsystem. We show that the reduced correlator retains a nontrivial helicity structure and therefore must be described by its full eigenvalue spectrum rather than by a single scalar occupation probability. The self-consistent dynamical quark mass $M_q(T,\mu_q)$ reproduces the expected QCD-like phase structure, with a second-order transition in the chiral limit and a smooth crossover for finite current quark mass. The chirality-reduced entropy correlates with chiral restoration but is not an order parameter; instead, it provides complementary information through the full spectrum of the reduced correlator. Our numerical results show that $S_\chi$ exhibits characteristic nontrivial behavior across the chiral transition region and serves as an information-theoretic diagnostic of reduced chiral-sector mixedness.

Seung-il Nam

Lesser Green’s function and chirality-reduced entropy via the In-Medium NJL model * Supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (RS-2025-16065906)